Common Latin Abbreviations Used in English

In this list of common Latin abbreviations youll find what they stand for and how theyre used. The first list is alphabetical, but the definitions that follow are linked thematically. For instance, p.m. follows a.m.   A.D. A.D. stands for Anno Domini in the year of our Lord and refers to events after the birth of Christ. It is used as part of a pair with B.C. Here is an example: The standard date given for the fall of Rome is A.D. 476. The start date of Rome is, traditionally, 753 B.C. More politically correct are the terms C.E. for the current era and B.C.E. for the other. A.D. traditionally precedes the date, but this is changing. A.M. A.M. stands for ante meridiem and is sometimes abbreviated a.m. or am. A.M. means before noon and refers to morning. It starts just after midnight. P.M. P.M. stands for post meridiem and is sometimes abbreviated p.m. or pm. P.M. refers to afternoon and evening. P.M. starts just after noon. Etc. The very familiar Latin abbreviation etc. stands for et cetera and the rest or and so forth. In English, we use the word etcetera or et cetera without necessarily being aware it is actually Latin. E.G. If you want to say for example, you would use e.g. Here is an example: Some of the Julio-Claudian emperors, e.g., Caligula, were said to be insane. I.E. If you want to say that is, you would use i.e. Here is an example: The last of the Julio-Claudians, i.e., Nero.... In Citations Ibid Ibid., from ibidem means the same or in the same place. You would use ibid. to refer to the same author and work (e.g., book, html page, or journal article) as the one immediately preceding. Op. Cit. Op. cit. comes from the Latin opus citatum or opere citato work cited. Op. cit. is used when ibid. is inappropriate because the immediately preceding work is not the same. You would only use op. cit. if you have already cited the work in question. Et Seq. To refer to a certain page or passage and those that follow it, you may find the abbreviation et seq. This abbreviation ends in a period.   Sc. The abbreviation sc. or scil. means namely. Wikipedia says it is in the process of being replaced by i.e. Latin Abbreviations of Comparison q.v. and c.f. You would use q.v. if you wanted to make reference to something elsewhere in your paper; whilec.f. would be more appropriate for a comparison with an outside work.

Double Effect - 1138 Words

The objective of this paper is to prove that the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE), proposed by Saint Thomas Aquinas, is a valid moral principle. It has been concluded that the DDE is a valid moral principle as it allows one to justify whether an action will cause two diverse effects and whether the effects are permissible. It is crucial to establish the validity of the DDE because it has been applied to defend a significant number of contemporary controversial issues (McIntyre). In order to determine whether the DDE is a valid moral principle, the definition of the doctrine itself as well as conditions involved will be demonstrated. In addition, each condition will be applied to differentiate two examples that result in the same outcomes.†¦show more content†¦The doctor was aware that his choice would result in the death of one patient. However, the death of one patient compared to five was able to justify that action. Therefore, the doctors choice of dividing medication into four equal proportions to save the lives of four out of five patients is able to satisfy all the conditions of DDE and therefore it is permissible for the doctor to make such a decision. The doctor’s choice in the Organ Shortage scenario is impermissible. From a quantitative point of view, it may seem the doctor’s choice is permissible as it resulted in the death of one patient as opposed to four. However, the death of the patient is not a side-effect of curing the four other patients. Moreover, the death of the fifth patient has been used as a means to achieve the good end. The doctor’s choice fails to meet the conditions of DDE as the doctor withheld medication from a patient whose life depended on the medication. Therefore, it has been concluded that the doctor’s choice is impermissible. The above scenarios may seem identical as the doctor made the decision that was able to save the greatest number of people. However, it has been identified that the circumstances were different and As the two similar actions are distinguished, the creditability of the DDE in relation to justifying controversial issues has been proved. Since the DDE has established a moralShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine of Double Effect2090 Words   |  8 Pagesmoral dilemma of having to kill someone. This is where the Doctrine of Double Effect comes into play. The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) is a principal which aims to provide specific guidelines for determining when it is morally permissible to perform an action in the pursuit of a positive outcome with the full knowledge that the action will also bring about an evil consequence. (Solomon, 2014). Although the Doctrine of Double Effect is viewed as a positive theory by man, it is unjust in that it givesRead MoreProblems With The Doctrine Of Double Effect1904 Words   |  8 PagesJessie Buckler Term Paper Philosophy 3300 April 25, 2016 PROBLEMS WITH THE DOCTRINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT Defenders of the Doctrine of Double Effect argue that there is a morally significant distinction, which bears on the rightness of actions, between those consequences of our actions that are intended and those that are foreseen. Utilitarians often use this doctrine to describe their stance on the topic of harming others. This paper will look at three situations that are commonly used to defendRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Double Effect1163 Words   |  5 PagesDoctrine of Double Effect The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) is utilized in the explanation of the permissibility of dealings and actions that result in impairment for example, death of a person, as a result of achieving some good at the end. This explains that it is sometimes acceptable to harm someone if the action will evoke some good at the end (Mclntyre 42). This reasoning was introduced by Thomas Aquinas but has developed and many versions of the same have erupted. Scanlon’s view of Double EffectRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Double Effect877 Words   |  4 Pagesrespirations. However, the Doctrine of Double Effect helps to determine if the act is permissible. With this particular case, Nicolas is faced with the situation of either facing unbearable pain or taking morphine to ease the pain in his last months of life. Before this case can be analyzed according to the Doctrine of Double Effect, one must first consider the act, good effect, and bad effect. In this case, the act is the use of morphine. The good effect that comes from the act is the relief ofRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Double Effect2007 Words   |  9 PagesThe doctrine (or principle) of double effect is often invoked to explain the permissibility of an action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of a human being, as a side effect of promoting some good end (McIntyre, 2004) . According to the principle of double effect (DDE), there are times where it is permissible to cause harm – as a side effect of bringing about a good result, even though it would not be acceptable to cause such harm as a means to providing the same good end. I will nowRead MoreNatural Law A nd The Preservation Of Human Life1301 Words   |  6 Pagesalready been instilled with Natural Law. A young woman who is four months pregnant has recently discovered that she has tuberculosis. The doctor informs her that she must take a drug that will cure her disease, but that the drug will also have the effect of aborting the fetus. There is no other available drug that will cure her disease, and if she does not take the drug immediately she will die. According to natural law, may the young woman take the drug? Both the mother and the fetus are innocentRead MoreTaking a Look at Euthanasia537 Words   |  2 Pageslife’s natural purposes, including euthanasia, are erroneous on moral grounds. In addition, the doctrine of double effect clarifies that any positive effects of euthanasia does not outweigh the forbiddances of the action. Essentially, Natural Law protests euthanasia as it interferes with life’s natural purposes and does not meet the criteria for acceptance under the doctrine of double effect. As a moral theory, Natural Law theory holds that what is moral is consistent with the natural purposes ofRead MoreEssay about Active Euthanasia is Murder2447 Words   |  10 Pagesformat)Unexpected events during the death can be traumatic...One in eight patients had       what the researchers termed problems with completion,    such as an undesirably long time to reach death, and one    in ten suffered side effects such as fits and vomiting. As a    result, a fifth of doctors intending just to assist at a suicide    ended up having to take over.    In other cases, family members were warned that they may wish to leave the room when the patientRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Considered More Than Others2390 Words   |  10 Pagestherefore, Physician-Assisted Suicide should be legally obtained in every state. A few terms and principles that need to be introduced before making an argument to support them are Physician-Assisted Suicide, The slippery slope argument, autonomy, double effect, and beneficence. The currently accepted definition of Physician-Assisted Suicide is when â€Å"a physician intentionally helping a person to terminate his or her life by providing drugs for self-administration, at the person’s voluntary and competentRead MoreEssay on The Doctrine of Double Effect1307 Words   |  6 PagesCase Assignment: The doctrine of double effect says that the pursuit of good is not as acceptable if the harm that results is intended rather than merely foreseen (Lippert-Rasmussen, 2010). To some it is a nonabsolutist moral principle in which as long as significant good resulted from the action, it is allowable (Lippert-Ramussen, 2010). Scanlon believed that an act that leads to the death of an innocent person can never be justified by the good that results (Lippert-Ramussen, 2010). Scanlons

The Ultimate Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay Trick

The Ultimate Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay Trick You also ought to brainstorm and analyze the info you've got. If you would like to be certain that you are in possession of a distinctive topic for your essay, you are able to look through the overall directions of our topics and hunt to learn more online. When you establish the comparison items you needs to do some appropriate research so you have sufficient info on both to be in a position to do an appropriate comparison. To collect such info, a detailed principal research is demanded. Thus, you are able to easily find plenty of different compare and contrast essay samples on our site. So now you understand how to pick the best compare and contrast topics and the various segments which you have to address when writing. Many authors prefer only a single sphere. You have to be very careful as you select a compare and contrast essay. You don't need to be very detailed in your essay, but be certain you ch eck all you write about. Comparative essays are a breeze to write. Writing an excellent essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. There are lots of others persuasive compare and contrast essay topics regarding education if you are ready to write about doing it. Every student was assigned a compare and contrast essay at least one time in a lifetime. To start with, in the same way as any other bit of academic writing, a comparative essay ought to have an objective. In a lot of sections of text's principal body you are supposed to demonstrate different contrast or compare points. Our on-line essay editing service gives a wonderful value for the money as you can receive the best grades without sweating over it. Enough practice in reading and writing will supply you with an extra advantage. Thus, go to our site, pick a kind of work (you should look for an illustration of compare and contrast essay!) When you compose an essay on moral topics, describe the issue from various points of view, showing either side of the identical issue. You should present your topic, clearly, and also your thesis statement that has the function of indicating to your readers what is the probable path of the whole work. You must research your topic to select three claims. Unfortunately, in the majority of the circumstances you're going to be given a specific topic to research, not having an opportunity to pick the subject by yourself. Don't forget that every paragraph should end with a conclusion that is a quick sentence showing the major idea of the section. You are able to restate your thesis statement and point out a number of the arguments used over the whole essay that backs it up. There are a couple important things to do to take to create a great thesis statement. In the introduction paragraph, mention your thesis statement plus a succinct explanation of the most important topic which you will explore. Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay Options For instance, you might think of similarities or differences if we are purchasing a new MP3 player or picking a place to study English. You don't necessarily have to analyze the life span of people from precisely the same region or field of activity. For example an individual may pick a topic like, life in the shoes of a werewolf. A good example will give a general idea. College is a time for students to concentrate on courses that are partic ular to the student's career objectives. Students should successfully finish the curriculum of both educational institutions to be able to advance in many careers. They will find some good points and ideas necessary for the development of a good school or college comparative essay. College students are our very first category. Such qualities aren't mutually exclusive, naturally, and could overlap. You'll locate contrasting characteristics along with similar characteristics in each individual set. The sort of compare and contrast essay topic you select should always depict your degree of learning. You're given the freedom to not just pick compare and contrast topics by yourself, but you need the freedom to pick the side of your support together with how to contrast it. Whispered Topics to Compare and Contrast in a College Essay Secrets Since you may see, the topics are broken up into multiple categories so it would be simpler that you select one. You may use the suggested topics as inspiration for your own, or you may simply decide to write about one you enjoy the most. Before you begin, it is imperative to choose topics which you really know well. It's needless to mention your topics ought to be precise and on point.

Pharmacy Service free essay sample

At each hour, tech took scripts from that hour’s slot and entered all required data into pharmacy info system (so no one looked at script until 1 hour before pickup) Info logged in: Patient contact info Doctor contact info Third party payor info – insurance companies, employers Drug name Dosage Number of doses Number of refills System performed an automated Drug Utilization Review: Automated check of script against all other prescriptions in CVS database for patient; looking for harmful drug interactions and appropriateness of drug for patient given age, weight, gender, etc. Hard Stop = fulfillment process cannot proceed until DUR reviewed by pharmacist if automated review reveals any potential problems Hard Stop Good for patient safety Hard Stop Bad for slowing down process, lowering efficiency Insurance check was done after DUR. Checking to make sure insurance still valid, script matches drugs on formulary, customer not trying to refill too soon, etc. In most cases, script would still be filled even if there was a problem with insurance customer would simply be told to pay full amount at pickup. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmacy Service or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Potential Data Entry Problems: Tech couldn’t read handwriting on script, No refills allowed on script (6%), DUR hard stop (20%), Insurance problems (17%) Production Scripts were filled by pharmacy technicians Potential Production Problem: Insufficient inventory – patient wouldn’t find out until pick-up that drug wasn’t available Quality Assurance Pharmacist reviewed each script to make sure it was filled correctly. First priority is customer safety! Potential Quality Assurance Problem : None identified Pickup Bags stored in pickup area in alphabetical order until customer came for pickup. Potential Pickup Problems: Many, including staff couldn’t find script, unauthorized refill, script not covered by insurance – customer asked to pay full price, script not ready (waiting for doctor or insurance call-back or queue backed-up). Worst between 5-7 p. m. – long lines of angry customers – hard to get staff to work that shift. 6. How can IT help with streamlining the process at CVS pharmacies? Get Teams to come up with a solution to problems in fulfillment process keeping 3 goals in mind: 1) Doesn’t degrade safety at all 2) Decreases waiting time 3) Improves customer satisfaction What CVS did to improve fulfillment process: Drop off, data entry, insurance check – all done while customer is present. Data entry completed at drop-off while customer was still there – made it easier to verify customer insurance information. Insurance check is now done with customer present. Used to be they’d just make sure your name, address, and birth date were on prescription and let you go. At local CVS, there is a â€Å"new† drop-off window away from cash register where pick-ups are done. Clerks enter data into computer while you are still there. CVS was missing the opportunity to identify and resolve problems early in the process, when the customer is still present. Under old system, no one would look at script until 1 hour before pick-up – not enough time to resolve any problems. Clerk asks for best number to reach customer in case of a problem, which is a change from the past. Staff can also inform customer about insufficient inventory at drop off instead of customer finding out when they come back for pick-up. Automated â€Å"instock† check. Also, box that held prescriptions was replaced by an online â€Å"virtual queue,† which can be displayed on all workstations in the pharmacy. Virtual queue tells techs and pharmacist what prescriptions to work on filling next. 2) Production – prescription is filled by tech. No change here – techs have always been the ones to fill the prescriptions. 3) DUR and QA – done by pharmacist in single step. DUR process was folded into Quality Assurance step – DUR no longer part of Data Entry. Both DUR and QA are done after prescription is filled. DUR should not be done when customer is present; don’t want customer to get the impression that the drug could be harmful because they might be less likely to take it. Also, DUR is done at pharmacist’s station during QA – more efficient use of pharmacist’s time to check filled prescription for accuracy and deal with any problems revealed during automated DUR. However, pharmacists could argue that it makes no sense, and is in fact dangerous to fill prescription before DUR is completed. PSI team had to â€Å"sell† the new process using communication efforts that were persuasive and effective. Also, changes were mandatory, not optional, so team used both hard sell and soft sell techniques to win pharmacists over. There were a total of 7 elements in the PSI program that all CVS pharmacies had to adopt – they couldn’t pick and choose among the 7. 4) Pickup When there is a problem discovered with a script, an Action Note is filled out so that staff manning Pickup can adequately explain the problem to the customer, based on what the Action Note says. Case highlights IT’s principle capabilities: Design Standardization Monitoring Case also points out concerns that changes in process will be resisted by pharmacists, even though the new process changes no responsibilities or rights of pharmacists. This was a top-down change that was necessary to improve customer service.