Introduction. For My Project On Critiquing An Epidemiology

Introduction: For my project on critiquing an epidemiology study I choose to do my project on second-hand smoking and how it affects other people than just the smoking population. The article I choose was Cigarette Smoking Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma in Situ in a Large Case-Control Study (SFBALCS). The objective of this study was â€Å"designed to understand why nonsmokers are associated with Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), which is common cause of lung cancer in cigarette smokers† (Bracci et al.). Statistics show that 80 % to 90% of lung cancer cases are from smoking. â€Å"Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), formerly bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), is not so common subtype of lung adenocarcinoma and accounts for approximately 3% to 4% of lung†¦show more content†¦They only included five counties that were located within the Bay Area which is limiting their data. By not having this part of the study so restricted it will open many other variables that are not included in the study now. Another weakness in the study is that they did not include genetic variations and susceptibility for BAC which is an important factor. With this information, it can show which people in the control and case study already have BAC in their family history which can show us the cause for why they already must disease or who will likely develop the disease later. From this information, they could have explored another direction with the AIS patients which can show us that cigarette smoke may have not been the cause of the disease developing. They also decided to not use survival biased in their study which has a big impact on their study. The reason for that is because they are just if AIS patients have good prognosis, there is no need to include survival rate. If you are conducting a study on a disease you show still include the survival rate because people can still death from this disease, even if the rates may be low. Strengths: Overall this case-control study had some good strengths which allowed the case study to successful in the aspects that it mainly covered. Overall the case study wanted

The New Me vs the Old Me - 2379 Words

My upbringing and experiences in life have shaped me and made me who I am today. I am defined by my troubles in the past, my family, my education, my goals, and money. A lot of things have happened in my life that put me where I am today. I have been through an abusive family, exposed to inappropriate things, had run-ins with the law, and experienced a lot of things in my life. There are so many interesting stories in my life such as the time I was taken from my parents because of abuse and how my life changed from there. I feel these stories I have to tell will inform people of who I am and what shapes me. I lived in Texas for ten years before being taken from my parents and put in foster care due to abuse. Texas is very busy and big,†¦show more content†¦I am only twenty and I don’t need any kids right now. My life without having any kids is so much easier. I don’t have to worry about spending a lot of money for food, clothes, and diapers. After I graduate college and get a good paying job I will settle down, get married, and have kids. The way we are raised and the way we grow up will determine the path we choose on sexuality. I have had several experiences and troubles that shape me today and how I view life. I first started getting into trouble in elementary school. Elementary school was a difficult time period for me because I was going through problems at home and I was being switched to different schools every few months. As I stated above, I would act out and misbehave in school by being rude to teachers and my classmates all the time, especially one girl I didn’t like at all. She was always mean and acted like she was better than everyone. I didn’t like that so I would do things to her I thought was hilarious. For example, one day, during arts and crafts, we were making collages with glue and colored construction paper. She was making fun of me and embarrassing me so I waited until she got up to go to the bathroom. When she did, I went to her desk and poured a bottle of glue in her chair. She came back and sat right down in the glue and it got all over her pretty red dress. It was fun ny to me at the time. I would do things like that all the time and the consequences were not good. MyShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Psychology : The Stages Of Development1191 Words   |  5 Pagesabout 12 months. It’s called Basic Trust vs. Mistrust. This phase relies wholly on the mother and father’s parenting skills. Since this is an unfamiliar world to the infant, it’s part of the parent’s job to provide stability and constant care to build a sense of trust with the child. Like most of us, I cannot remember my early childhood years, but I know my mother and father were very attentive to me as an infant. Since I am the first-born, I was something new and special to my parents. 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Marketing Mix free essay sample

Author note with more information about affiliation, research grants, conflict of interest and how to contact SWOT Analysis of Botox SWOT analysis Strengths: †¢ Allergan has the possibility for dominance on several niche markets because of the uniqueness and appeal of their product. †¢ The main consumers of the product Botox are celebrities from many fields, which include actors and television artists. Thus, the element of celebrity endorsement is a great advantage. Facial beauty is a major concern in the modern world and the ability of a product to remove wrinkles and black marks on the skin will likely work as an element of strong attraction for customers. Botox also cures migraine, constant neck and back pain, extreme sweating, and possible convulsive disorders. These are major attraction for enticing customers to the product. The appeal becomes all the more significant because the consumers will think of it as a panacea for countering various ailments. There are many reasons why company decided to sell its product in international market. The prospect exists to sell Coca-Cola worldwide, because Coca-Cola is a product which can be used by everyone irrespective of age and gender, all over the world. Marketing globally demand the company to have a marketing team in line with a countrys consumers so effective sales can be made and good relations with the abroad key employees can be maintained (Arthur A. Thompson Jr. , A. J, 2005). This paper contains an analysis of the marketing mix and promotional mix strategy of Coca-cola adopted in the Philippine setting. I chose the product because it is one of the largest and well-known beverages in the world. The rapid growth and the company’s image in the market impressed me and pushed me to discuss the topic. MARKETING MIX OF COCA-COLA Marketing is the art and science of selling. Ingredients for a good marketing (according to Philip Kotler) are the 4P’s: product, price, promotion and placement. An effective marketing program combines harmoniously all elements of the marketing mix. Marketing mix is the main instrument of the company for obtaining strong positioning on the concerned markets. A. Product Product refers to more than just physical objects or goods that you can own and take home. The authors of the paper: â€Å"Marketing. Explanatory Dictionary† (Florescu, et al. , 2003, p. 537) define product policy as a decision adopted by manufacturing or commercial companies regarding the size, structure and evolution of the range of goods and services (Lefter, et al. , 2006, p. 375, 405). Product policy is often compared with â€Å"the heart of marketing†. It has a direct connection with the other elements of the marketing mix. Coca cola is the leading provider of soft drinks not only in the Philippines but also around the world. In 2010, it not only had no. 1 selling soda with regular Coke, but its Diet Coke brand outpaced Pepsi for second billing. It has a number of brand variants, including Minute Maid, Royal, and Sprite. The company also produces fruit juices, mineral water, and sports drinks. Another aspect is its packaging. Coca cola offers variety of its products ranging from small (300 mL) to upsizes (1. 5 to 2 liters), depending on the consumer’s needs. Packaging also promotes the product and distinguishes it from the competition. B. Price Price is a market instrument and an index of the economic and social reality. Price is the only marketing mix variable which leads to profits, the others are generating only expenses and investments. Price is a very flexible element of the mix and it can be changed rapidly, unlike the product characteristics and the placement activity. Price is very important part of marketing mix as it can affect both the supply and demand of Coca cola. The price of Coca cola products is one of the important factors in customer’s decision to buy. The main objective of the price strategy is to make a product economical to everyone and not spending too much for a drink. Its long term pricing strategy is to maintain its affordable price which really appeals to the vast middle class market. Coca cola sets a price that is attractive to the customers but provides a good level of profit. Prices of Coca cola start at 10 pesos to 50 pesos per bottle. C. Placement Placement’s role is to assure the necessary balance in the market primarily between demand and supply and between producers and consumers. Another role of the distribution is to streamline the buying – selling processes. The concept of placement means getting products to customers in strategic way. Coca cola’s distribution process is a key element of its success. The company products are available in cans and bottles in supermarkets, retail stores, and vendo machines. Additionally, the company provides supplies for drinks in many restaurants all over the country. The ease and convenience of getting to the product is important to customer’s loyalty. D. Promotion In today’s competitive environment, effective communication with the target market is essential for a business to succeed. Promotion is another marketing mix designed to inform the people about the product. It is also used to persuade the customers to try a new product, or buy more of an old product. Coca cola invest millions of dollars a year in advertising and promotions to maintain its position in the industry. The Coca-Cola Company has launched â€Å"Open Happiness†, an advertising focuses building on the award-winning â€Å"Coke Side of Life† campaign. The new tag line, seen in this series of print advertisements, will serve as a platform for all integrated marketing for the Coca Cola brand around the world, tying together the pleasure of opening up a drink and the satisfaction of sharing with others. This campaign invited people to refresh, despite the difficulties and stressful situations every day, with a Coke and continue to enjoy the simple pleasures of life. Through this, Coke enables the customers to view the product as part of their daily life. Advertising through television, radio, print media, and internet are great ways of Coca cola in promoting their products. Although advertising is usually very expensive, it is the most effective way of looking for potential customers of Coca-cola products. PROMOTIONAL MIX Promotion is all about communication. It is the way businesses make their products known to their customers. The main goals of promotion are to ensure that the customers are aware of the existence of a product, to persuade them that their product is a lot better than the competing product, and encourages the customers to buy or avail the product. It is important to know that businesses used more than one method of promotion which is referred to as the promotional mix. Coca cola uses integration of the different promotional mix to meet the requirements of all target customers which turn into a gateway to success. The following are my analysis of the different promotional strategy they utilize. A. Advertising Coca cola mainly does national advertising, an aggressive advertising targeting a large audience. They introduce different themes and concept to introduce and advertise their own product. They use big names in the showbiz industry as the brand ambassadors of the company. They also created catchy and memorable slogans for many years. With this, they build brand image and awareness. Commercial advertisement on television of the product focuses on friends and family relationship, showing their strong bonds with Coke. Since these values are part of our culture, Filipinos immediately catch up to it. The presence of Kathryn Bernardo, Julia Montes, and Enchong Dee, as well as, Santa Claus every Christmas, makes the product more appealing to people especially young and teens. The company’s print advertising includes posters, stickers, billboard, and hoardings, even in magazines. They have many sites around the country for their billboards. Printed advertisements are usually found beside roads, buildings, supermarkets, stores, walls, and buses. As well as, coolers, freezers, and display racks. For permanent satisfaction of consumer’s needs, Coca cola has to maintain the high standards and high quality of its products. Over the time, Coca cola spent millions of dollars developing and promoting their brand name, resulting in worldwide recognition. Coca cola’s red and white colors and special writing are examples of its trademarks. B. Direct Marketing For direct marketing, Coca cola has partners with different restaurants, movie theatres, and other company to carry its product. When a customer asks for a drink, the only brand they can offer is Coke, which reminds them of the product and forces them to consume it. By doing this, the restaurant keep in purchasing the product over and over again. Examples are Jollibee, McDonalds, KFC, etc. Coca cola also sponsors different activities especially with sports. C. Internet Marketing Coca cola also uses the internet to promote its product. The company has their own website (www. cocacola. com. ph), which enables the customers to navigate and explore on the different sections of the company. The company also uses various social networking sites like Tweeter, Facebook, and Youtube to connect with their customers. This kind of marketing helps the company to reach every people around the world. D. Sales Promotion A sales promotion is an activity that is implemented to boost a service or product temporarily. Coca cola does sales promotion by tying up with Bench in their â€Å"Share Happiness Wear Happiness Promo†. Another is under the crown schemes like â€Å"Sarap Under the Cap Promo† which in every purchase of selected coke products a customer can have a chance to win free meals or discounts in Jollibee. Getting limited Coca cola items in exchange of Coke crowns or cap is also a way of promoting. By having partnership with different companies, Coca cola increases their sales. E. Public Relations Word of mouth can also be an advantage for the company. When a student purchase a new product of Coca cola and enjoys it, he can tell others about the new product and the benefits of it. This will encourage others to purchase the product too, resulting to increase sales. F. Personal Selling The company hired professional individuals responsible in communication, selling, and building good relationship to its client or prospective client. Each person will be assigned to a particular region or place and promote their product to different customers. These people maintain their relationship with their customers for continuous business with them, thus building goodwill to the company. EFFECT OF MARKETING STRATEGY OF COCA COLA The Coca cola is one of the recognizable brands around the globe. It is widely regarded as one of the booming organizations achieving huge branding success. The company focused on building brand that is instantly recognizable and highly appreciated in costumer’s mind. Today, Coca cola is a corporation with strong brand identity and image. Strong brand image of Coca cola is achieved through consumer’s loyalty. This loyalty entails the purchase frequency that is improved by effective advertising and marketing strategies. The â€Å"Open Happiness† slogan helps the company attract more consumers as it gives them the idea of â€Å"living positively†. Filipinos consider Coca cola as part of their daily lives – in every meal, at school, at work, and special occasions. In conclusion, Coca-Cola is a successful product, not only because it has built a recognizable logo and brand name, but mostly because it has managed to position its brand in the market. In doing so, it achieves to develop a brand personality and distinguish itself from competition, while offering consumers a clear view of its brand values. This leads to increased brand loyalty and satisfaction.

The Financial Crisis

Introduction Even though many intellectuals held that deregulation, poor supervision, lack of liquidity, casino banking, and Gaussian copulas are some of the factors that caused the financial crisis, failure to view the crisis from a multilateral perspective further heightened the situation. This is evident from the roles that international governments like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) play.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, risk management within the banking industry did not have to stop within the UK. In addition, managing the risks ought not to have been left solely to the bank employees and management. For proper risk mitigation, all stakeholders ought to have learnt all the possible risks that may occur in the sector. In this line, the financial institutions would have distributed the risk to all th e stakeholders. Instilling financial literacy in stakeholders only could have been a positive move towards risk management strategies. On the other hand, some risks are extremely complex, thus may require the attention of expertise or technocrats. This may be absent in some stakeholder, hence making collaboration difficult. Having been used in the implementation of Basel II Accord, collaboration allows specialists to devise their own risk management approaches (Who was responsible for the financial crisis? n.d.). With this nature of approach to risk management, all stakeholders need to acquire basic financial literacy. Notably, creating a network of risk managers eliminates unknown risks, popularly referred to as Black swans. Moreover, the network enables individuals to question assumptions in the risk management process, avoid overreliance and belief on models, as well as impart skills to distinguish between predictable and unpredictable risks. For proper risk governance, individua ls must interrogate the validity of the rules put forward for implementation; this eliminates instances of failure in managing risks. Banks might have had limited resources to recognise the extent of the financial risks. The involvement of many players in the management systems of banks makes it out rightly difficult to blame banks for the financial crisis. The intertwined system makes it difficult for banks to act outside the outlined frameworks. To manage such financial crises effectively in future, there is need for wider responsibility using the concept of knowledge supervision. Therefore, the United Kingdom’s government and international governments are also to blame for the failure of risk governance.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They ought to have involved expertise in the entire process, as well as trained all stakeholders on financial literacy ( Who was responsible for the financial crisis? n.d.). In essence, risk management requires a collective approach to avoid massive financial catastrophes. Risk Management Process The consequences of the financial crisis have made banks and other financial institutions to employ stringent measures of managing risks. However, the stern measures lacked strong implementation forces, as well as a centralised point to coordinate the entire process. Risk identification and categorisation use modelling, brainstorming, interviews, and analysis of project plans and different scenarios as key methods. After identification of risks, evaluation and ranking occurs in order to prioritise risks for management and effective allocation of resources in any sector. Under risk management, there are four key stages irrespective of the sector of application. Risk awareness, assessment, evaluation, and absorption are the four stages of managing any form of threat. In the banking industry, risk management rem ains the best option to curtail possible financial scarcity. If the banks could have understood the liquidity issues and the need for effective regulation, they could have put up necessary measures to curb the eventual financial meltdown. From the manner in which the banks dealt with the situation, it is evident that lack of unrivalled coordination was absent. Under risk awareness, identification of possible risks that can affect the banking industry is examined. After proper risk awareness or identification, it becomes easy to assess all the sources of such risks. In this stage, each risk receives a specific assessment procedure to ascertain its level of influence in case it occurs. The uncertainty perspective approach is the most preferable approach in the risk identification segment given that it does not only determine all possible sources of threats, but determines also all possible sources of positive risks or opportunities. With increasing changes in the banking industry, the re are always unrelenting follow-ups and frequent updating of the identification lists as per the knowledge and comprehension of the business atmosphere. If the approach could have been applied, the financial crisis could not have occurred.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Risk assessment helps firms to group risks according to their severity. The process helps financial strategists to prioritise risks as per their occurrence probability, as well as address uncertainty through effective decision-making. After risk assessment, vivid evaluation and estimation in terms of the probability of occurrence and consequence take place. Here, a clear comprehension on the major effects of the risks on the operations of financial institutions is imperative. Evaluation and ranking occurs in order to prioritise risks for management and effective allocation of reso urces. The financial institutions ought to have evaluated all possible causes of financial crises, as this would have made it possible for the sector to absorb all the risks, which led the country to one of the worst financial crisis. In risk analysis within the banking industry, remedies like holding greater amounts of capital reserves in terms of liquidated assets could have minimised the extent of the crisis. Notably, the entire risk management process requires the inclusion of several numbers of actors; the actors should have sufficient skills in financial operations. This could have ensured that there is complete accountability and authority, shared responsibility, interdependence, and coordination of government’s roles. Shareholders, customers, government, and SMEs have close tie with banks; these stakeholders ought to have adequate knowledge on bank operations in order to be in a position to avert such disasters (Who was responsible for the financial crisis? n.d.). In the case of stakeholders, there are voluntary and involuntary groups. For instance, the government can set boundaries for its financial institutions to follow in their operations. This did not occur at the time of the crisis. Since no single stakeholder can provide knowledgeable supervision on banking risks, the entire group of stakeholders ought to have taken full initiative of providing supervisory duties to the banking industry. Moreover, a systematic approach to managing risk as opposed to event-focused approach works well for the banking industry, as the former involves monitoring of signals, making use of existing knowledge, instead of searching for the unpredictable aspects.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though financial institutions had put in place some risk management strategies to curb the crisis, less was done to move the whole process to completion. This made the risk management process ineffective, thus failing to address the crisis. Conclusion In essence, the government’s coordination role, shared responsibility, interdependence, and authority versus accountability are the basic principles in controlling the occurrence of financial shocks in an economy. International governments and financial institutions, such as banks have to understand that financial literacy has to cut across the masses in order to support risk governance using both the old and new models. Since the society establishes the boundary of bank operations, it remains vital that knowledge supervision should be part of the society and those within the banking industry. The crisis required a collective approach to avert its massive effects on other sectors of the economy. Reference Who was responsibl e for the financial crisis? n.d.. This critical writing on The Financial Crisis was written and submitted by user Kimber A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Shakespeare Coursework Henry V Essays

Shakespeare Coursework Henry V Essays Shakespeare Coursework Henry V Essay Shakespeare Coursework Henry V Essay In Henry, how does Shakespeare avoid much disgrace with four or five most vile and ragged foils. Right ill disposed in brawl ridiculous in depicting the Battle of Agincourt on the Elizabethan stage. As the play commences, William Shakespeare has to depict a fight scene at the Battle of Agincourt. When one considers the time period it would have been rather difficult to perform these scenes. This is also due to the fact that Elizabethan stages did not have the use of advanced special effects and consequently they were very basic. The Elizabethan theatre used no real sets and only the most essential set pieces and props. Shakespeare had to find various ways to portray the story and he mainly focused on the acting rather than the props. As it was impossible for Shakespeare to create a real life battle scene, the Chorus apologises for this in the prologue, Oh, pardon: since a crooked figure may attest in little place a million, and let us, ciphers to this great account, on your imaginary forces work. In this essay, I will explain the difficulties that Shakespeare faced when he had to recreate the story of Henry V, ranging from having a small performing space, few props size and havi ng only a handful of actors. One way in which Shakespeare depicts the battle scene is to appeal to the audiences imagination. The Chorus urges the audience to think beyond what they saw on stage, now entertain conjecture of a time, and to envisage what it would be like if they themselves were involved in the scene. In addition, the Chorus also appeals to the audiences sense of sight and sound. Shakespeare has to rectify another issue. The performance took place in the afternoon, yet the battle scene was at night. To emphasise darkness once again Shakespeare uses the Chorus, the poring dark and chide the cripple tardy-gaited night. The language used stresses the point that the battle scene is set at night facilitating the audiences imagination. Additionally, Shakespeare uses personification such as, like a foul and ugly witch to describe the night. This adds to the drama of the play as the language makes the audience compare the night to a witch, which has negative connotations. This made is easier for the audien ce to understand certain aspects of the play such as the night. Finally, Shakespeare shows the distinct contrast between the French and the English armies. The English army was portrayed as being less than convinced of their chances of success due to inadequate size. This compares with the French army, whose contingents were courageous and arrogant in assuming that they were going to win the battle. This illustrates how Shakespeare makes the audience develop sympathy towards the English. In Act Four, Scene One, King Henry disguises himself as an ordinary soldier and converses with members of his army, asking them about their feelings towards the battle and their morale. This creates dramatic irony as the audience knows that the King is in disguise, however the characters do not. In particular, King Henrys old friend Pistol does not recognise him and he is confused with who this ordinary soldier is, art thou officer or art thou base, common and popular? This creates comedy or light relief and brings a more optimistic mood to the play, before the bleak battle. However, the mood of the scene is soon lowered when Henry meets three commonplace soldiers; Williams, Bates and Court. They speak of how they believe they are going to die, and how they feel as if they are insignificant to the King, Ay, he said so, to make us fight cheerfully, but when our throats are cut, he may be ransomed, and we neer the wiser. At this point, they did not know that the soldier they have met i s the King. This creates tension between the regular soldiers and the King; however it also creates sympathy towards the ordinary soldiers. Finally, in the closing stages of the scene, King Henry is desperately praying to God for victory over France. Throughout the play, Shakespeare continues to portray the French army as being overconfident, superior and complacent, therefore showing favouritism towards the English. This contrasts with King Henry doubts in the previous scene, as the audience believe that the French are too boastful and will not succeed. An example of how the French as seen as overconfident is, And your fair show shall suck away their souls, leaving them but the shells and husks of men. In contrast to the end of Act 4, Scene 1, Henry later becomes more confident in his weapons and his men. He does not want any more troops to join the army to fight, as he believes victory will be greater for we happy few we band of brothers. He conducts two main speeches in Act 4, Scene 3, both saying how much faith he has in his army and how he and his troops will work as one to win the battle. In addition, the speeches boosted the troops morale, making them more confident in their ability. Furthermore, both of these speeches build up suspense for the Battle of Agincourt itself. The actual Battle of Agincourt is not depicted as a very serious event but as a comic anticlimax. Shakespeare chose to portray the battle in this way because he realised that it would be impossible for him to re-enact the scene with the few actors and the limited props he had. Also in this scene, the audience discover how Pistols mercenary motives contrast completely with King Henrys idealistic motives. Pistol discovers that he can sell the French weapons in order to make a profit and this is purely for his own benefit. However, King Henry does not only want to fight for his personal pride but he wants to fight for his country. In addition, he believes that his purpose in life is to win, because God encouraged him to do so. We soon learn that England won the Battle of Agincourt, even though they were outnumbered at a ratio of 5:1. Shakespeare writes about how the French Nobles reactions differ highly from their attitude in Scene 2. They experienced hubris as they were originally overconfident and then they fell down at the last hurdle because they lost the battle. This was humiliating for the French as they had lost, thousands of soldiers were killed and they had lost their sense of superiority. In conclusion, I believe that Shakespeares use of language and various techniques made the play successful. He realised that he could not portray the fight scene realistically and therefore decided to show it in a comical way. He uses the Chorus to communicate with the audience, often telling them to use their imaginations, which made each member of the audience feel more involved in the play. In this time period, special effects were not available because the technology had not been invented and therefore Shakespeare depicted the play well.

Profile of George Washington Plunkitt, Politican

Profile of George Washington Plunkitt, Politican George Washington Plunkitt was a  Tammany Hall politician who wielded clout in New York City for decades. He amassed a fortune by engaging in various schemes which he always claimed had been honest graft. When collaborating  on an eccentric book about his career in 1905 he brazenly defended his long and complicated career in machine politics. And he suggested his own epitaph, which became famous:  He seen his opportunities and he took em.   During Plunkitts political career he held a variety of patronage jobs. He boasted of having held four government jobs in one year, which included a particularly prosperous stretch when he was paid for three jobs simultaneously. He also held elected office in the New York State assembly until his steady seat there was taken from him on a very violent primary election day in 1905. After Plunkitt died at the age of 82 on November 19,  1924, the New York Times published three substantial articles about him within four days. The newspaper essentially reminisced about the era when Plunkitt, generally seated on a bootblack stand in a courthouse lobby, dispensed political advice and handed out favors to loyal supporters. There have been skeptics who claimed that Plunkitt greatly exaggerated his own exploits and that his political career was not nearly as flamboyant as he later claimed. Yet theres no doubt he had extraordinary connections in the world of New York politics. And even Plunkitt exaggerated the details, the stories he told of political influence and how it worked was very close to the truth. Early Life The New York Times headline announcing Plunkitts death noted that he had been born on Nannys Goats Hill. That was a nostalgic reference to a hill that would eventually be within Central Park, near West 84th Street. When Plunkitt was born on November 17,  1842, the area was  essentially a shanty town. Irish immigrants lived in poverty, in ramshackle conditions in what was largely a wilderness far removed from the growing city farther south in Manhattan.   Growing up in a rapidly transforming city, Plunkitt  went to public school. In his teens, he worked as a butchers apprentice. His employer helped him start his own  business as a butcher at Washington Market in lower Manhattan (the sprawling market along the Hudson River was the future site of many office buildings including the World Trade Center). He later went into the construction business, and according to his obituary in the New York Times, Plunkitt built many of the docks on Manhattans Upper West Side. Political Career First elected to the New York State Assembly in 1868, he also served as an alderman in New York City. In 1883 he was elected to the New York State Senate. Plunkitt became a power broker within Tammany Hall, and for nearly 40 years was the undisputed boss of the 15th Assembly District, a heavily Irish bastion  on Manhattans West Side. His time in politics coincided with the era of Boss Tweed, and later Richard Croker. And even if Plunkitt  later exaggerated his own importance, theres no doubt  he had witnessed some remarkable times.   He was eventually defeated in a primary election in 1905 which was marked by violent eruptions at the polls. After that, he essentially retreated from day-to-day politics. Yet he still kept a public profile as a constant presence in government buildings in lower Manhattan, telling stories and regaling a circle of acquaintances. Even in retirement, Plunkitt would stay involved with Tammany Hall. Every four years he was appointed to make the travel arrangements as New York politicians traveled by train to the Democratic National Convention. Plunkitt was a fixture at the conventions and was deeply disappointed when ill health a few months before his death prevented him from attending the 1924 convention.   Plunkitts Fame In the late 1800s, Plunkitt became quite wealthy by habitually buying up land which he knew the city government would eventually need to buy for some purpose. He justified what he did as being honest graft. In Plunkitts view, knowing something was going to happen and capitalizing on it was not corrupt in any way. It was simply smart. And he openly bragged about it. Plunkitts openness about the tactics of machine politics became legendary. And in 1905 a newspaperman, William L. Riordon, published a book Plunkitt of Tammany Hall, which was essentially a series of monologues in which the old politician, often hilariously, expounded on his life and his theories of politics.  His lively accounts of how the Tammany machine operated may not have been well-documented, but they give a solid sense of what it must have been like it New York City politics in the late 1800s. He always steadfastly defended his own political style and the workings of Tammany Hall. As Plunkitt put it: So, you see, these fool critics don’t know what they’re talkin’ about when they criticize Tammany Hall, the most perfect political machine on earth. Sources George W. Plunkitt Dies At 82 Years, New York Times, 20 Nov. 1924, p 16. Plunkitt of Tammany Hall, New York Times, 20 Nov. 1924, p. 22. Plunkitt, Champion of Honest Graft, New York Times, 23 Nov. 1924, p. 177.

English short story paper analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English short story paper analysis - Essay Example It seemed the world was full of contradictions. Love is kind and good. It makes you feel good about yourself. Love wants the best for you. Love allows you to be who you are. Parents, full of love, want to help their children achieve their dreams. But it was always Mother who hurt and punished and made her feel bad about herself. It was Mother who wanted her to marry the worst of the suitors who asked for her hand, the one who was all about money and possession and showed little feeling or concern for her welfare. It was Mother who didn’t care what her dreams were but only thought about what Mother wanted. She considered the one who had no money but his heart in his eyes and shivered. In writing this imitation, I learned just why this passage is so important in understanding the plotline of this story. The passage opens with a moment of doubt, as if the main character cannot decide if she is right or wrong in thinking herself somehow in danger of losing something important to her – her life, her health or her future happiness. She does not trust her own mind anymore partly as a result of her upbringing and partly as a result of her current situation. Cisneros’ main character is plagued by the patriarchal structure she was raised in as well as the telenovelas or soap operas that gave her an understanding of the world to believe that she is supposed to love her husband for the rest of her life and that pain in love is expected and must be endured. This is what contributes to the main question that starts the passage. This was duplicated in the suggestion that the main character in the imitation is up against her own mother’s opinion. Obviously, she has been raised to believe that her mother was always right and, since her mother has told her she’s crazy, she has believed it, at least to some extent. However, Cisneros’ character looks outside of her little household and the world she’s grown up in to weigh her experience against the

Emerging Language Learners Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Emerging Language Learners - Research Paper Example Particularly supportive, was joining a group with districts more talented in meeting the expectations of the emerging language learner students and comparable viewpoints on administrations and methods. The pathologist found that organization administration with different districts is more important in developing strategies in emergence language learning and can proceed more efficiently on a continuously when the districts have a typical vision or reasoning for administrations of students. The pathologist found out that, it requires some seriousness and good strategies for any region with an emerging English language learner group to create the limit. Then, districts will think that it is valuable to characterize needs as they start to react to English language learner student enlistments. In an interview, the speech language pathologist in districts with emerging English language learner community discovered efforts that concentrated on faculty sectors (initiative, proficient advancement, staffing) and effort. While there is no acceptable assessment base to characterize these needs, faculty, effort, and instructional administrations have been highlighted in writing on emerging English language learner communities. In an interview with off-campus special educator, many strategies were pointed out. The educator pointed out that strategy like more teacher talk was mostly employed in learning language.. Having an assigned individual administration duty regarding emerging language learner students and for get-together and imparting data about the students and their needs. Individual trained staff and giving support to "developing" qualified staff in the region, and assuring that instructors receive help and preparing to work successfully with emerging language learner students. For the effort, the center has been on advising parents about schooling and their duty of keeping themselves educated

President Bill Clinton Essay Example for Free

President Bill Clinton Essay The Map Room Speech delivered by President Bill Clinton by way of apology and explanation regarding his conduct with Monica Lewinsky appeals to the listener as an American and as an individual, that is, makes its appeal to personal and presumably universal feelings and emotions regarding the state and the family. This speech must be reviewed with the idea in mind that this is not the first time that Clinton is speaking on the subject. His initial statement regarding Lewinsky involved the memorable line â€Å"I did not have sexual relations with that woman. † In the early stages of a scandal, it is possible to strategize along the lines of the Chinese saying that â€Å"less talk, less mistake. † That is, by delivering a direct and unequivocal statement, it is possible to brazen everything out and avoid further discussion regarding degrees of involvement or moral culpability. However, in view of later developments, it became necessary to take a different tack. The strategy employed by this speech involves admitting a mistake – admitting a â€Å"wrong† relationship with Ms Lewinsky and deceiving his wife in the process – but it is a mistake that had to be framed as a mistake that any other man would have made. But at the same time that it presents the President as having a lot in common with the man on the street, it also intends to reinforce the image of great-heartedness expected in a gentleman, where he says â€Å"I must take complete responsibility for all my actions, public and private. † Here we are presented with a fusion of Everyman and Hero. The first paragraph of this speech makes the point that he has, in the course of the investigation, answered questions that â€Å"no American citizen would ever want to answer. † The juxtaposition of â€Å"American citizen† with the concept of doing something unwillingly while at the mercy of a probing authorities is meant to create tension between the idea of the American as the â€Å"freest citizen on Earth† and a version of reality where he actually is not quite â€Å"free†. On some level it would evoke the historical â€Å"white man’s burden† that the US was supposed to have taken up when it acquired colonies in Asia – that the American has a great responsibility to truth because to those whom much is given, much is expected. The ordinary man on the street might feel this, that he submits to Big Brother on occasion, because he must keep his country great and intact. In the next paragraphs he owns up to his mistakes while emphasizing the mitigating factors. He has been truthful and never lied, since all his answers were â€Å"legally accurate. † This would dispose of the famous episode where â€Å"oral sex† as â€Å"real sex† was called into question during the investigation. He also stresses that he never asked anyone to practice deception for his sake, which statement seems to be intended to call attention to the fact that he is not a heartless cheating bastard or a predatory boss. He did not ask the women in his life – his wife and his mistress – to cover up for him, or to risk their integrity for him as he could have done so easily, as some unscrupulous men would have done quite easily, were they situated in a position as powerful as his. Clinton then proceeds to attribute his silence to a lapse in judgment. The earlier tactic of brazening out a tricky situation seems to have backfired, and thus must be transformed into, or presented as, keeping quiet out of the desire to protect the innocent – those who cannot protect themselves. Of course, one keeps silent or withholds information from the media, and this portion contrasts the family man’s desire to protect honor or the finer sensibilities of his wife and daughter with that of the media as a relentless institution that will say all, that must have its ratings and viewers, at the expense of reputations or feelings or whatever it is that is insulted in the course of getting the story. He also reminds the public that there was a politically motivated lawsuit – one which was subsequently dismissed – that was ongoing at the time the scandal erupted. Now the image includes political enemies, whose popular image would be, like the media, that of predators: Power-hungry individuals out to destroy a man who is only trying to do his best. In touching on this investigation he says: â€Å"The independent counsel investigation moved on to my staff and friends, then into my private life, and now the investigation itself is under investigation. This has gone on too long, cost too much, and hurt too many innocent people. † Here it is worthwhile to note the emphasis on cost, the toll which the investigation, where he and his wife have been cleared anyway, has taken not just in terms of time or money, but again in terms of the mental or moral anguish that it has caused â€Å"innocent people. † He then brings the situation home; the public issue is also a private one, and indeed, now that the public aspect of it has been disposed of, the process of dealing with it as a personal, a family issue, commences. The unspoken truth here is that this process will be more difficult than the public one. He says that the people he loves most are his wife and daughter. Such statements are rather like a Hallmark greeting card – bland enough to slide off without anyone taking umbrage or questioning the validity of the statement. At the same time, the cliche carries with it great power. While love is a complex thing that is constantly in flux, with family relations being a barometer of the same, the ordinary individual does not question its nature but only sticks to his guns and says â€Å"I love my family. † To say, â€Å"Now this matter is between me, the two people I love most: my wife and our daughter, and our God. I must put it right, and I am prepared to do whatever it takes to do so. Nothing is more important to me personally,† is to say exactly what the ordinary American thinks he would feel in such a situation, and moreover, it uses much the same language that he would. The father of the family also puts his foot down when he says, â€Å"†¦I intend to reclaim my family life for my family. It’s nobody’s business but ours. † Of course, one of the more striking lines in this speech is â€Å"Even Presidents have private lives. † The audience here is asked to have mercy, or perhaps, more accurately, to step up and do their part as members of a community. If America is a great democracy, then the rules that apply to you and your neighbors down the hall or across the street apply to the president too – and not just rules, but privileges. The turn of phrase is made even more pleasing by the suggestion that this time, it is the nation – the man with his beer on the couch, watching tv, the mother preparing dinner, that has the power. Spare the President, because he’s only human. And this way, the passive viewer gets to feel that he or she actually gets to do something that matters. Then Clinton, in the last three paragraphs, draws matters to a close. He says that â€Å"It is time to stop the pursuit of personal destruction and the prying into private lives, and get on with our national life. † This is calculated to appeal to loftier feelings. It says â€Å"You’re better than that. † Or better yet â€Å"We’re better than that. † With these words, he aligns himself with the people. It is at this point that he ceases to be – at least within the framework of this speech – the beleaguered and erring politician, or the earnest, hardworking father and husband who has made the mistake of an office dalliance. At this point, he is gathering up the reins and resuming the role of President, Leader of the Nation. In its sweep, it even disposes of the notion that the presidency he holds is actually at the mercy of the people’s preference. But there is nothing wrong with this, not really. After all, anyone who has been a leader, whether coach of a basketball team, head of a clique or a mother of small children, knows that there is a time when one has to act decisively, to think for the followers and act rather than to pay obsessive attention to their every squeak and whimper. He refers to the country as having been â€Å"distracted for too long. † Indeed, the business of nation-building, or at least the one of getting along from one day to another as a nation, would appear to benefit from being presented once more as something lofty. For once everything is in place – when the people have enough to eat, for instance, and homes and televisions and cable tv – it is easy to become lost in inane distractions like a media circus. Or at least, that it is a media circus and detrimental to the work begun by the Founding Fathers and continued by the Pioneers, is the desired effect. He calls then for people to the â€Å"important work to do real opportunities to seize, real problems to solve, real security matters to face. † This effectively writes off the scandal in which he has been recently embroiled as â€Å"not real. † Security issues are real, the opportunity for economic growth is real, but the doings of a man and his intern are less â€Å"real. † And this makes sense in a practical way – set against the greater scale of things, it seems to say, does it really matter that Bill Clinton had sex with Monica Lewinsky? This speech acknowledges its importance to the nation in a â€Å"if it’s important to you, then it’s important to me† kind of way; â€Å"I care about how you feel,† he says to America. But as it ends, he presents the events of the preceding months as a small matter, after all, set against the backdrop of the greatness that is America in the century that (at that time) was just about to begin. In conclusion, in the alliances and associations created by this speech is a powerful message to the listeners that they mustn’t care too much about one man’s mistake – what they (and that erring man) have at hand is a much greater task: upholding the great American nation.

Making Utilities for MS-DOS :: Microsoft Computers System Software Essays

Making Utilities for MS-DOS These days, when computers play an important role in virtually all aspects of our life, the issue of concern to many programmers is Microsoft's hiding of technical documentation. Microsoft is by far the most important system software developer. There can be no argument about that. Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system has become a de facto standard (IBM's PC-DOS is actually a licensed version of MS-DOS). And this should be so, because these systems are very well written. The people who designed them are perhaps the best software engineers in the world. But making a computer platform that is a de facto standard should imply a good deal of responsibility before the developers who make applications for that platform. In particular, proper documentation is essential for such a platform. Not providing enough documentation for a system that everyone uses can have disastrous results. Think of it, an operating system is useless by itself, its sole purpose is to provide services to applications. And who would be able to develop applications for an operating system if the documentation for that system is confidential and available only to the company that developed it? Obviously, only the company that has developed that operating system will be able to develop software for it. And this is a violation of the Antitrust Law. And now I start having a suspicion that this is happening with Microsoft's operating systems. It should be no secret to anyone that MS-DOS contains a lot of undocumented system calls, data structures and other features. Numerous books have been written on this subject (see bibliography). Many of them are vital to system programming. There is no way to write a piece of system software, such as a multitasker, a local area network, or another operating system extension, without knowing this undocumented functionality in MS-DOS. And, sure enough, Microsoft is using this functionality extensively when developing operating system extensions. For example, Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Network, and Microsoft CD-ROM Extensions (MSCDEX) rely heavily on the undocumented internals of MS-DOS. The reader can ask, "Why do they leave functionality undocumented?" To answer that question, we should look at what this "functionality" actually is. In MS- DOS, the undocumented "functionality" is actually the internal structures that MS-DOS uses to implement its documented INT 21h API. Any operating system must have some internal structures in which it keeps information about disk drives, open files, network connections, alien file systems, running tasks, etc. And MS- DOS (later I'll call it simply DOS) has internal structures too. These structures form the core of undocumented "functionality" in MS-DOS. This operating system also has some undocumented INT 21h API functions, but they

Hobson’s Choice Essay

Again in this Act we see Willie’s potential when Maggie goes round to Hobson’s to collect some old broken chairs she tells Vicky and Alice, â€Å"Wills handy with his fingers. Hell put in this afternoon mending them. † This shows that Willie has the ability do other things apart from just making boots, so this shows he is not just a simple boot maker that we think he is. He has the capability to use his hands to mend near enough anything. One of the main points of this act is the fact that Willie now accepts the marriage freely and he is not just marrying Maggie because he is scared of her, like he was at first. We know this as he says, â€Å"Yes Maggie, I’m resigned! You’re growing on me lass, and I’ll toe the line with you! † This is the second time in the play we see Willie make a decision for himself, but this decision is important as the rest of his life depends on this decision. This proves that Willie is a slightly stronger character but the marriage is still just a business proposition. Despite the fact that Willie is now able to make decisions for himself he is still a rather humble character as Vicky asks Willie if he has got the rings and Maggie replies, â€Å"I have. Do you think I trust him to remember? † This shows us Maggie still takes charge of everything and does not trust Willie to do anything. Act Three is set later the same day after the couple have got married and everybody is at Maggie and Willie’s for the after wedding party, apart from Hobson. Willie decided to make a speech this shows how much his reading has improved, although he is still in Maggie’s shadow as when Willie is making the speech Maggie has to correct him, â€Å"generous† she says when he forgets the word he is looking for. Also when he makes the speech Maggie’s family notices his development, as when Albert wants to make a speech Alice says, â€Å"But you’ll not speak as well as he did. † This just shows that Willie must have progressed if Alice has noticed, as they do not think that he is good enough to be in their family. After the speech Hobson comes round to their home to ask for Maggie’s advice, and with some help from Maggie, Willie is able to take control of the situation with Hobson. Willie puts Hobson in his place when he speaks the truth and tells him what he really thinks of him as he says, â€Å"I’m sorry if my well meant words don’t suit your taste, but I thought you came here for advice† But despite this Hobson still does not see why Maggie has chosen Willie for a husband, as he cannot see that Willie has changed and has much more strength in his character. After Willie offends Hobson, Hobson then goes on to offend Willie by saying, â€Å"I didn’t come to you, you jumped up cocka-hooping.. † Again we see Willie as a weak character when Maggie has to step in and intervene, to defend her husband, â€Å"That’ull do father. My husbands trying to help you. † Again we see that he is still in Maggie’s shadow as she asks him to wash up, â€Å"Willie, we’ll need this table, when they’re gone. You’d better be clearing the pots away† This shows he still does not stand up to Maggie all the time and he is still scared of her. This scene is also full of humour when Willie shows one of his remaining weaknesses the fact that he is still a virgin and he does not want to go to bed with Maggie so he does not want their guests to go home and even Freddie notices this and says, â€Å"He’s afraid to be alone with her,† This is important because in the end Maggie drags him to bed and in Victorian society woman were not supposed to enjoy a sexual relationship but still the roles in this absurd relationship are reversed, which is extremely humorous. However, this is the last time we see Willie as a ridiculous figure. Act Four is set a year later so in this act the audience do expect a dramatic change in Willie, and that is what they get. Before Willie even enters the act we see that he has built up a successful business, a business that is ruining Hobson’s. We know this as Tubby says to Hobson, â€Å"In Chapel Street they say its Willie Mossop† This just shows that Willie has developed in leaps and bounds since the last time we saw him. In this act we find out that Hobson is a chronic alcoholic and that he is feeling melancholic and suicidal. The doctor tells Hobson he must refrain from drinking and asks Maggie to come back home and look after him. Maggie comes back but she says that she will have to have Willie’s permission. Hobson finds this hilarious because he does not know how much Willie has changed, so Maggie simply replies, â€Å"maybe Willie has changed since the last time you saw him† Willie arrives at Hobson’s and he goes straight to look over the stock. Alice and Vicky question what he is doing and Willie replies, â€Å"If I’m to come into a thing I like to know what I’m coming into† This shows that Willie has become a changed man as he is definitely more confident and stronger than he was in the previous three acts, we know this because Alice’s reaction is, â€Å"That’s never Willie Mossop† Later in the Act Willie says to Maggie about moving back to Hobson’s, â€Å"If we come here we come on my terms† This shows that Willie is now the dominant one of the couple and that he is not afraid of Maggie, this is a complete role reversal as before it was Maggie who told Willie what to do. To make sure that Maggie comes home to look after Hobson he decides to set terms by offering to pay Willie’s old wages and allowing Maggie to live in his house rent-free. Willie is not fooled and simply says, â€Å"Come home Maggie,† because why would he want to get paid his old wages when he has a successful business in Oldfield Road? Later Willie sets down his own terms to Hobson. His terms were that they would only move back if Willie owns half of Hobson’s shop and Hobson is a silent partner. He even says he cannot refuse because Willie owns a business that is starving Hobson’s to death, as Willie says, â€Å"Me that’s the owner of a business that’s starving yours to death† Willie even stands up to Maggie because Willie wants the sign above the shop door to read, ‘Mossop and Hobson’ but Maggie disagrees. So Willie says, â€Å"Its Mossop and Hobson or its Oldfield Road for us, Maggie! † Eventually Maggie gives in, just proving that now she is the weaker character and Willie is the stronger, more dominant one, and in Victorian England it was thought that that was how it should be.

Contribution of agriculture in the economy of Bangladesh Essay

The economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture. About 84 percent of the total population live in rural areas and are directly or indirectly engaged in a wide range of agricultural activities. The agriculture sector plays a very important role in the economy of the country accounting for 31. 6 percent of total GDP in 1997-98 at constant (1984-85) prices. The agriculture sector comprises crops, forests, fisheries and livestock. Of the agricultural GDP, the crop sub-sector contributes 71 per cent, forest 10 per cent, fisheries 10 percent and livestock 9 per cent. The sector generates 63. 2% percent of total national employment, of which crop sectors share is nearly 55 %. Agricultural exports of primary products constituted 10. 4% of total exports of the country in 1997-98. In the past decade, the agriculture sector contributed about three percent per annum to the annual economic growth rate. The agriculture sector is the single largest contributor to income and employment generation and a vital element in the country’s challenge to achieve self-sufficiency in food production reduce rural poverty and foster sustainable economic development. The Government has therefore accorded highest priority to this sector to enable the country to meet these challenges and to make this sector commercially profitable. Agriculture has been playing a vital role in socio-economic progress and sustainable development through upliftment of rural economy, ensuring food security by attaining autarky in food gains production, alleviation of poverty and so on. In FY-2004-05, the combined contribution of all sub-sectors of agriculture (crop, livestock, forestry and fisheries) to GDP is 21. 91 percent (table 7. 2). The crop sub-sector alone is projected to contribute 12. 10 percent to GDP and fisheries sub-sector accounts for 5. 03 percent. Of the total labor force in Bangladesh, 5. 17 percent are engaged in agriculture (BBS labor force survey, 2002-2003). The contribution of agriculture products (including raw jute, jute goods and tea) to the total export of the country is 5. 79 percent (FY2004-2005). In terms of value addition, the contribution of agriculture to the national economy is immense. Contribution of agriculture in GDP. Declining trend of contribution of agriculture sector to the Gross Development Products (GDP) continued in the present outgoing fiscal year. The growth of agriculture sector in the GDP has also gone down drastically in the last three years. National Economic Survey 2004 showed despite rise in crop production by six lakh metric ton and Taka 300 crore allocation for agricultural subsidy in the fiscal year for 2003-04, the contribution of agriculture sector in GDP has declined by 0. 54 percent from the last year. (2002-2003). After the fiscal year 2000-01, crop production did not witness any significant growth in the last three years like the growth during 1996-97 – 2000-01. Due to high volume of crop production, total food production rose to 267. 57 lakh metric tons in the FY 2001-01 from 203. 37 lakh metric tons. Even in the year of severe flood in 1998, food production increased by 12 lakh metric tons. Financial Year Contribution of Agriculture 1991-92 28. 70 1992-93 28. 21 1993-94 27. 30 1994-95 26. 02 1995-96 25. 68 1996-97 25. 87 1997-98 25. 34 1998-99 25. 28 1999-00 25. 58 2000-01 25. 02. 2001-02 23. 98 2002-03 23. 47 2003-04 23. 08 2004-05* 21. 91 Fig 1: Contribution of Agriculture in GDP In the last two fiscal years, the food production has gone down from the level in the Fiscal Year 2000-01 (FY ’01). Though the growth was slightly over one percent this year compared to last year, experts think that the growth was not sufficient in the last three years. Food production rose to 273 lakh metric tons in the current fiscal year (2003-2004). Growth rate in agriculture sector has gone down to 2. 41 percent in the FY 2003-04 from 5. 5 percent in the FY 2000-01. Agriculture growth had witnessed a negative growth of about 0. 6 percent in the following fiscal year 2001-2002. Fig: Growth of Agriculture. In the last five years, the highest growth of 6. 9 percent in agriculture sector was achieved during 1999 – 2000 when the growth in crop production was 8. 1 percent. During the year of negative growth, individual growth in crop production was also negative – 2. 4 percent. Comparatively, when the growth in agriculture sector was the highest during 1999-2000, crop production was also the highest in the last 10 years. In that year, crop production had yielded 8. 1 percent growth. Growth in crop production was much higher during FY ’00 and FY ’01 in the last 10 years. During the FY ’01, the growth in crop production was 6. 2 percent. Even in the year of severe flood, growth in crop production was 3. 1 percent. During FY ’94, FY ’95 and FY ’96, the growth in agriculture sector was -0. 7 percent, -1. 9 percent and 2 percent. In FY ’97, production started to rise and achieved 5. 6 percent in that year with 6. 4 percent growth in crop production. The trend of food production in the last ten years as charted in the Bangladesh Economic Survey 2004 has projected that food production was stagnating around 190 lakh metric tons from FY ’94 – FY ’96. But from FY ’97 to FY ’01, food production had increased from 203 lakh metric tons to 267 lakh metric tons. Contribution of Agriculture sub sector on GDP of Bangladesh Total agriculture sector is explained under four sub-sectors. They are- Growth rate in Agricultural Sector (In percentage) Budget Year Agriculture &Forestry Average Fishery Average 1991-92 1. 39 0. 44 8. 24 7. 76 1993-94 -0. 65 0. 44 7. 91 7. 76 1994-95 -1. 93 0. 44 6. 79 7. 76 1995-96 2. 03 0. 44 7. 39 7. 76 1996-97 5. 57 4. 58 7. 67 6. 18 1997-98 1. 63 4. 58 8. 98 6. 18 1998-99 3. 24 4. 58 9. 96 6. 18 1999-00 6. 92 4. 58 8. 87 6. 18 2000-01 5. 53 4. 58 -4. 53 6. 18 2001-02 -0. 62 1. 67 2. 22 2. 92 2002-03 3. 29 1. 67 2. 33 2. 92 2003-04 4. 38 1. 67 3. 09 2. 92 2004-05 -0. 37 1. 67 4. 02 2. 92 Contribution of each sub-sector in the economy of Bangladesh is discussed below.

Henrietta edwards

Henrietta edwards HENRIETTA MUIR EDWARDS Born in Montreal on December 18, 1849, Henrietta Muir Edwards was one of Alberta's "Famous Five Women". She began her fight for woman's rights at her home in Montreal with her sister. Here she founded the Working Girls' Club, which offered meals, reading rooms and study classes, in 1875. Henrietta and her sister then published the periodical, known as the "Working Women of Canada". They paid the costs of publishing the paper by depriving themselves of all personal luxuries. Henrietta also made money by selling miniature paintings.In 1886 Henrietta Muir became Henrietta Muir Edwards when she married Dr. Oliver Cromwell Edwards. Her husband soon took a job at Fort McCloed. Here she met the other four women involved in Alberta's "Famous Five Women". The group included Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby and Louise McKinny. With their help Mrs. Edwards began her fight to change the law on Woman's rights.A statue of Henrietta Edwards, part of a monument ...

Periphrasis Definition - Glossary of Rhetorical Terms

Periphrasis Definition - Glossary of Rhetorical Terms In rhetoric  and  prose style, periphrasis is a roundabout way of saying  something:  the use of an unnecessarily lengthy expression in place of one thats more direct and concise. Periphrasis is a  type of  verbosity. Periphrasis (or circumlocution)  is commonly considered a stylistic vice. Adjective: periphrastic. EtymologyFrom the Greek, talking around Examples NBC Sunday Night Football. Two groups of stalwart men will compete for the possession- and conveyance- of a midsize leather ovoid!(What to Watch. Entertainment Weekly, September 6, 2013)The Elongated Yellow FruitOn the late Boston Transcript, a feature writer, with a fondness for using three words where one would do, once referred to bananas as elongated yellow fruit. This periphrasis so fascinated Charles W. Morton . . . that he began collecting examples of Elongated Yellow Fruit writing. Samples:In the New York Herald Tribune a beaver was almost incognito as the furry, paddle-tailed mammal.The Denver Post elongated mustache into under-nose hair crops.To the Associated Press, Florida tangerines were that zipper-skinned fruit.In the Lincoln [Neb.] Sunday Journal-Star a cow did not give milk; the vitamin-laden liquid came from a bovine milk factory. . . .The Boston Americans ski columnist could not decide whether to call snow the elusive white subtance or the heavenly tapioca. And in Travel magazine, skiers slid down the slopes on the beatified barrel staves.(Elongated Fruit. Time, Aug. 10, 1953) Periphrasis in Euphemisms and the Grand Style Periphrasis occurs when a single word is replaced by several others to form a longer phrase that names the same thing: for instance, briny deep for ocean, or the manly art for boxing. . . . Its often used in euphemisms to speak around, and thus spare readers from any distasteful associations the more direct, single-word variant might trigger: little girls room for toilet, or passed on to greener pastures for died. Writers also use periphrasis to elevate their prose, to raise it from the informality of the low and middle styles to the formality of the high one, as in the following example, And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. (King, I Have a Dream) Periphrasis can also lend prose a poetic or even archaic flavor. As Katie Wales notes, periphrasis is at work in the kennings of Old English poetry (swan road for sea, or heath stepper for deer).(Chris Holcomb and M. Jimmie Killingsworth, Performing Prose: The Study and Practice of Style in Composition. Southern Illinois University Press, 2010) Fowler on the Periphrastic Style The periphrastic style is hardly possible on any considerable scale without much use of abstract nouns such as basis, case, character, connexion, dearth, description, duration, framework, lack, nature, reference, regard, respect. The existence of abstract nouns is a proof that abstract thought has occurred; abstract thought is a mark of the civilized man, and so it has come about that periphrasis and civilization are by many held to be inseparable. These good people feel that there is an almost indecent nakedness, a reversion to barbarism, in saying No news is good news instead of The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments. Nevertheless, The years penultimate month is not in truth a good way of saying November.Strings of nouns depending on one another and the use of compound prepositions are the most conspicuous symptoms of the periphrastic malady, and writers should be on the watch for these in their own composition.(H.W. Fowler, A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, rev. by Ernest Gowers. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1965) Pronunciation: per-IF-fra-sis Also Known As: circumlocution

The Haier Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Haier Group - Essay Example As part of their business expansion and diversification, Haier has recently started to produce goods such as refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, microwaves, televisions, vacuums, cell phones, computers etc (Hunt). â€Å"On February 23, 2004, Haier Group, a major home electrical appliance maker in China, was listed as the only Chinese name brand among the world's 100 most recognizable brands in a global name brand list edited by World Brand Laboratory†(Lu et al, p.1) Even though Haier has acquired a significant place in global market, it is not going to be easy for them to maintain their place, unless they find new ways to improve their business. According to Fortune magazine, Haier's net profit for the six months ending June 2002, declined by 45% and its sales declined by 3.7% during the same period† (Haier Group's Strategy in the US Market). This paper proposes three different ways through which Haier could improve its business strategies and maintain their supre macy in global market. Haier has to improve its international human resource management strategies since it operates in different countries at present. It should be noted that Haier is a company of Chinese origin and the HRM strategies in China and other countries could be entirely different because of the huge political, cultural, social legal and environmental differences between China and other countries.... Chinese government never allows the free flow of information to and from China which is definitely causing problems to Haier. Moreover, credit card forgeries and other internet related crimes are growing day by day and Haier needs to strengthen their internet platforms to enhance communication and secure online purchasing of its products. Even though Haier products are cheaper compared to other similar products, Chinese products normally have a bad reputation as far as quality is concerned. â€Å"Some analysts felt that Haier lacked the brand image to make a dent in the high-end segment. They pointed out that in general consumers were brand-conscious, and this was especially true in the case of high-end products† (Haier Group's Strategy in the US Market). Haier should give more focus to improve the quality of its products. Haier should realize that the consumer electronic markets of mobile phones, computers etc are not like the markets of home appliances like refrigerators, mi crowave ovens or dish washers. Apple, Samsung, Nokia, IBM, Microsoft, etc are some of the renowned consumer electronics brands which are competing with Haier products. It is not easy for Haier to beat them unless they improve the quality of their products drastically. It should be noted that technological advancements are necessary even for selling kitchen appliances now. Competitors are introducing new products and ways to manage kitchen. â€Å"For example, Samsung had introduced the â€Å"Home PAD Refrigerator,† which detected the shelf life of food and automatically displayed a list of items stored in the fridge on the door. Portable entertainment devices were the new trend in consumer

Trends in Crude Oil Demand in United States over Time Assignment

Trends in Crude Oil Demand in United States over Time - Assignment Example In the throes of elevated oil prices, people, as well as industries, focused on reducing reliance on oil and oil products by investing in alternative energy and manufacturing more fuel-efficient products especially automobiles respectively. As a result, towards the close of the economic recession, the demand for crude had experienced a visible dent. Demand for crude, however, remained largely unaffected considering that alternative energy is yet to become a close and easily realizable alternative to crude. Crude oil pricing is highly prone to non-price factors that upset demand. Oil prices change wildly due to the geopolitical events afflicting the highly capricious Middle East, where most of the world’s crude production happens. The recent political mayhem in the Arab world resulted in an unmatched upsurge in prices of crude on the global scene, mainly due to a dip in supply. Throughout history, brief upsets in the price of oil are unmistakable in the event of unanticipated oversupply or unexpected shortages. Another key factor affecting the price of oil in the United States is the policy regulations imposed by the government, especially after the close of Second World War. Subsequently, in the post-war era, government regulations on the industry have commendably kept the prices of crude in the US well below the global average. Changes in global trading have significantly lessened control of conventional regulatory mechanisms in curtailing the prices of crude oil. Investors’ speculation in oil futures in the recent past has resulted in a distinguishable upsurge in the prices of crude. Global economic crises seem to have a strong correlation with rising in crude oil prices in the world. According to analysts’ figures, unprecedented high prices of oil herald economic downturns. What is more fascinating is that the economic recessions result in lower oil prices. For instance, in the 2008 economic meltdown, the price fell from over $120 per barrel as the crisis began to less than $40 (Chevron, 1) at the peak of the crisis.

Life Coaching Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life Coaching - Article Example Furthermore, it is never too late to take a breather, evaluate one's circumstances, and change course if this becomes the apparent ideal solution to a problem or a difficult situation. Life coaching is an effective tool which one can rely on achieving the needed clarity, set up a process by which specific, measurable, and achievable goals are set, and a clear strategy to achieve these goals is outlined. There are different types of coaching, such as sports or performance coaching, leadershipcoaching, strategy coaching, skills coaching, career coaching, personal or life coaching, business coaching, executive coaching, etc. Life Coaching, to define it, "is the practice of assisting clients to determine and achieve personal goals." (Permut) Life coaching is an alliance between a client and a coach who is a professional and provides guidance and accountability. The coach helps by first empowering one in defining exactly what one's true dreams, passions, strengths, weaknesses, fears are, and then in guiding in achieving specific goals based on exactly that individual's profile. The coach however does not take responsibility for any of the client's action. The client is in full control of his destiny at every step. The environment is that of support, trust, motivation and encouragement. Complete confidentiality, as allowed by the law is always assured. In the end this process will enabl... He/she is confident that all weaknesses and fear can be either overcome or leveraged for success. The International Coach Federation also acknowledges the great value of coaching in producing important benefits in the clients' personal and professional lives. "Through the process of coaching, clients deepen their learning, improve their performance, and enhance their quality of life." (Rothwell and Sullivan, 389) It is, however, fundamental to realize that life coaching is not psychotherapy or consulting. "Coaching is not psychotherapy... Unlike therapy, the coaching relationship is a partnership and is much more egalitarian than the traditional therapy relationship [and] the coaching orientation is outcome and action driven in the external environment." (Gooding, 36) Significantly, coaching focuses on empowerment, values, wants, desires, and visions of the future and the action to make those visions happen. Similarly, coaching is not consulting: the latter deals with problem solving tactics, action plans, achieving precise targets etc, whereas the former concentrates chiefly on action based learning. Modern life as well as business is all about stress, problems, tensions etc. The value of life coaching is becoming increasingly apparent. Most essentially, the return on investment in life coaching has increased tremendously and it will continue to fetch great profit to the investors. The case of MetrixGlobal is a convincing example. "Program costs were tabulated for all 43 leadership development participants in determining the return on investment. A 529% return on investment was produced by the coaching process (excluding the benefits from employee retention)."

Why Plan Human Resources Carters Supermarkets Business Essay

Why Plan Human Resources Carters Supermarkets Business Essay Considering the plan of an expansion of Carters Supermarkets, and the fact that the company will have to deal with greater number of staff, we, Alex and Jennifer Carter, intend to highlight the importance and to put forward our ideas about human resource planning and human resource policies in our organisation. Why to plan human resources? Since our organisation is at a stage of business expansion through opening 3 new supermarkets, four times bigger than existing ones, and with new specialist departments, it is obvious that we have a demand for new staff to meet the organisations objectives. Therefore, human resource planning (HRP) will help us to analyse and identify how many new people we require, when we need them, what range of skills we expect them to have, are these people available on the labour market or we need to train them to achieve our objectives. HRP will also look at such aspects as competition, impact of the location of our future supermarkets; audit of current workforce, and use this information to fit with companys goals. If we do not consider human resource planning, our business may consequently suffer as We may not create any new customers, We may lose faith of our existing ones by delivering unprofessional, poor service in our new departments; We risk to recruit wrong people; We may hire wrong number of people and affect our labour budgets. These factors will severely affect our business and we may, at the end, give up our position to our competitors. What will be the workforce requirements for each supermarket? The following measures will help us to identify the workforce requirements (Martin, 2009) We need to convert our business plans into future labour requirements. This means, we need to break down projected labour according to their functions in a supermarket, their different categories, skills and knowledge they will need. We need to create a profile of the existing workforce, which means we need to assess the number of the existing staff and their suitability for the future job positions. These measures will enable us to identify how many new people of which categories we will need to recruit for which positions, and what skills and knowledge they will have to possess. Coming to our project of expansion, we will take the following step-by-step approach to identify our workforce requirements: What is our objective? To open 3 new supermarkets four times larger than existing ones. Where will they be located? One in Tooting; One in Clapham Junction; One in Putney. What products will each supermarket offer? Dairy products Fruits Vegetables Canned and packaged products Household products Soft drinks section Frozen food section New departments: Fresh meat counter Fresh seafood counter Bakery What will be supermarkets opening hours? 8am to 10pm. How many people do we need? The staff will work in two shifts: 8 a.m. 3 p.m., and 3 p.m. 10 p.m. On each shift we would consider to have: 1 Butcher 1 Fishmonger 2 people to fill up shelves (one of which will also check out customers in busy times, or if the cashier needs five minutes break); 1 Cashier 2 people in the bakery Supervisor (who will be in charge for other shops as well). Total number of staff per shift: +8. What are the requirements for each category of staff? Requirements Qualities Butcher Fishmonger: Good knowledge of the products they sell (names, characteristics of the meat, etc.); Knowledge of different recipes and methods of cooking of meat; Good communication skills; Previous experience is preferable. Passionate about their jobs; Friendly; Able to show own initiative (by suggesting to customers different ways of cooking, for example); Confident. Cashier: (also the person who will look after shelves and assist customers) Knowledge of basic arithmetic; Skill in handling cash; Good communication skills; No previous experience required. Friendly; Helpful; Trustworthy; Thorough (able to rotate the products according to their shelf-life); Able to handle difficult situations. Baker: Prior work experience required. Passionate about their job; Able to work under pressure. Supervisor: Ability to manage team; Knowledge of marketing; Ability to coordinate orders and deliveries; Good eye for detail; Accountability for stock; Prior experience required. Passionate and dedicated; Friendly and approachable; Responsible; Multitask; Confident. What is our existing workforce profile? We have currently two existing shops with the total number of staff of 5 people, from which 3 sales persons (rotating between two shops Catherina Pacetti, Victoria Smith and Rashid Malik), 1 person in charge for stocks and deliveries for both shops (Alex Carter), and Jennifer Carter, responsible for all paper works. How will we plan our human resources? The diagram in the Appendix represents our suggested plan for staffing: Catherina, Victoria and Rashid will be transferred to new sites as Head Sales Assistants. Each will train other 2 newly-hired people for Sales person/Cashier positions. 2 new experienced sales staff will be recruited for our existing shops. We have to recruit 6 experienced Fishmongers and 6 Butchers for our new sites, as well as 2 Bakers for each of new supermarkets. As the volume of work will increase, Alex and Jennifer will need assistants. Therefore, we have the demand for 1 person to assist Jennifer in the office, and 1 Supervisor in charge of our existing shops, who will report to Alex Carter, Head Manager/Supervisor. Total number of staff to recruit: 28, of which 1 Assistant for Jennifer 1 Supervisor to report to Alex Carter 6 Butchers 6 Fishmongers 6 Bakers 8 Sales/Cashier people. How human resource planning will contribute to organisations objectives? Provided that we: Regard people as a source of competitive advantage Plan human resources carefully Recruit right people for the right positions Give necessary training to our staff Respect the needs of our employees and treat them fairly Appraise their contribution by giving feedback or reward We can achieve a healthy organisational culture. This strategy will ensure that our employees are satisfied about their jobs, provide high quality customer service, are committed and motivated to achieve our organisational targets. Overall, our human resource planning strategy will contribute to our companys objectives for becoming a strong competitor for other grocery supermarkets, and thriving by making good profits. Why should we have human resource policies in our organisation? We should have HR policies for the following reasons: It would show the compliance of our organisation with law; A clear relationship between our organisation and our employees would be established; Employees would know their rights and what to expect from us; There would be a solid base for all employees to be treated equally; A distinction between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour would be drawn; All procedures and processes of employment would be clearly defined; HR policies would create our organisational culture: such policies as recruitment, retention, pay, holidays, reward, would show how we value our employees; If we have HR policies, we will be prepared to take actions if some difficult situations arise, and resolve problems according to the legislation. All the above create a legal framework within which Human Resource operates and develops a good practice. What will be the impact of employment legislation on human resource policies in our organisation? When designing our organisations HR policies, we need to take account of the existing law and employment regulations that apply to us. Different aspects of HRM, such as employment rights and responsibilities, contractual term and conditions, data protection, pay, health and safety, discrimination issues, are already covered by the legislation. Thus, we need to design HR policies that would meet our organisations objectives and reflect existing human resources laws. The following are the examples of regulations, which our HR policies and procedures will be based upon: Employment Right Act 1996 Health and safety at Work Act 1974 National Minimum Wage Act 1998 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Race Relations Act 1976, and others. These primary legislation documents will help us to shape our HRM policies and practices such as Recruitment strategy and practice, selection techniques, retention; Pay and benefits (pay systems, holidays, pension arrangements, sickness and sick pay, maternity rights and benefits); Equal opportunities (sex, race, disability discriminations); Training and development (induction and mandatory training, appraisal and performance management); Employee relations (disciplinary, grievance and dispute procedures); Redundancy and reorganisation (handling redundancies, reorganisation and managing internal change); Health and safety and risk management (the enforcement and management of health and safety at work). CONCLUSION To conclude, if we are to expand our business even further, satisfy our customers needs and make good profits, we have to practice strategic human resource planning and implement HR policies and systems. We believe this will enable us to have right, dedicated and motivated employees that will provide excellent customer service and contribute to meeting our companys overall objectives.

scar :: essays research papers

f one looks underneath the profanity and perceived brutal violence of Scarface, they will find an admirable all-round motion picture. However, for those who have an open mind and are unwilling to dig deep, Scarface is still one cool film. Antonio 'Tony' Montana (Al Pacino) has just arrived from Cuba along with his friend Manolo Ray (Steven Bauer) and about 125 000 other Cubans. It seems Fidel Castro has opened a Cuban port allowing Cubans to go to the United States. Unbeknownst to the U.S. though, Castro has secretly cleared his jails and included prisoners with the refugees (guess what group Tony and Manolo belong to, *wink wink*). Tony is an ambitious person; he wants the world. He always says what is on his mind and does not let people take advantage of him. His attitude eventually lands him a job with Drug Lord Frank Lopez (Robert Loggia). Lopez immediately takes a liking to Tony, who takes a liking to Lopez’s trophy girlfriend Elvira (Michelle Pfeiffer). Lopez is not greedy; he is happy with the state of his business, but less happy with Elvira’s cocaine addiction. As Scarface progresses, it details Tony’s rise in the drug business as well as his relationships with his partner Manolo, his sister Gina (Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio) -of whom he is overprotective- and Elvira. Scarface is loosely based on the original 1932 Scarface (directed by Howard Hawks and based on real life gangster Al Capone). The talented Brian De Palma (Carrie, 1976) directs the ‘remake’, written by another famous director: Oliver Stone (Midnight Express, 1978). Stone deserves real credit for his gritty yet accurate depiction of the drug industry. Stone, who was himself struggling with a cocaine addiction at the time, interviewed both Law Enforcement officials and drug dealers before writing his script. The lack of positive characters and an unconventional ending is also praiseworthy since it makes this film into an atypical Hollywood movie. Brian De Palma’s direction in this film is slick. While the plot is very violent, the movie shows only some of this violence. De Palma expertly cuts the camera away from some scenes at the last second, showing us the actor’s reaction rather than the deed. Visually the movie uses bright colours, with a focus on neon and whites. While this sounds contrary to the dark nature of the character’s actions, it fits nicely with the colours of Miami and its people.